Akwai sigogi na asali da yawa don fashewar fashewar. Abubuwan gama gari sun haɗa da ƙarfin fashewar harbi (buƙatun don harbin iska mai ƙarfi da harbin peening a cikin sarrafa siga iri ɗaya ne, don haka ana amfani da peening harbi don wakiltar duka fashewar ayukan iska mai ƙarfi da harbin peening a cikin rubutu mai zuwa), ɗaukar hoto mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin yanayin aikin, da tsabtar farfajiyar aikin.

Hoton yana nuna nau'in halittar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na baƙin ƙarfe. Dige-dige baƙar fata a cikin hoton suna wakiltar "graphite graphite" na tsarin lamellar; baƙar fata faci suna wakiltar "lu'u-lu'u"; tsari mai haske da daidaituwa da aka kafa a kusa da wuraren matalauta carbon na graphite mai siffar zobe a cikin hoton shine "ferrite".

Ina so in raba tare da ku wallafe-wallafen fasaha "Bayani na yumbu gyare-gyare don zuba jari na nickel superalloys", wanda watakila shine mafi cikakken nazari akan binciken harsashi na yumbu a halin yanzu.

Ƙarfafawar karafa ya haɗa da ƙarfafa ƙarfin bayani mai ƙarfi, ƙarfafa damuwa da ƙarfafa watsawa. Mai zuwa shine gabatarwa ga ƙarfafa watsawa.

Ƙirƙirar fasaha na kayan aikin magnesium da aka yi yana canza tsarin microstructure na magnesium gami ta hanyar hanyoyin sarrafa filastik kamar extrusion, mirgina, da ƙirƙira, inganta haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya kamar ƙarfi da ductility. Wannan fasaha ta dace da ƙera kayan haɗin gine-gine tare da manyan buƙatun aminci, kamar chassis na mota da ruwan injin jirgin sama. Duk da haka, saboda tsarin lu'ulu'u na kusa-kusa da kristal na magnesium alloys, suna da tsarin zamewa guda ɗaya kawai a zafin daki, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin filastik. Saboda haka, magnesium alloys yawanci mai tsanani zuwa 200 - 450 ℃ ga zafi aiki don inganta su formability. Fasahar samar da kayan aikin magnesium da aka yi amfani da su musamman sun haɗa da nau'ikan masu zuwa:

A cikin fagagen ƙirar injiniyoyi, masana'antar kayan aiki, tsarin watsawa, da ingantattun injina, 45 karfe, 40Cr, da 42CrMo sune manyan karafa uku da aka fi amfani da su. Ko da yake suna iya kama da kamanni a kallo na farko, abubuwan sinadaran su, kayan aikin injina, martanin maganin zafi, da yanayin aikace-aikacen sun bambanta sosai. Zaɓin abin da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da gajeriyar rayuwar sabis a mafi kyau kuma kai tsaye gazawar a mafi muni. Wannan labarin a tsari yana rarraba bambance-bambance tsakanin ukun daga hangen aikin injiniya kuma yana gaya muku yadda ake yin zaɓin da ya dace.

Maganin zafi shine hanya mai mahimmanci don inganta aikin kayan ƙarfe. Cold jiyya, a matsayin tsawo da kari ga zafi jiyya, taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta taurin, tensile ƙarfi da girma kwanciyar hankali na workpieces. Wannan labarin yafi gabatar da ƙa'idodi na asali, kwararar tsari, kayan aiki masu dacewa da iyakokin aikace-aikacen maganin sanyi.

Yi maganin zafi na rage danniya akan abubuwan sarrafa maɓalli (watau waɗanda ke da saurin lalacewa ko sassa masu girma), musamman ƙira. Ana yin tausasawa a yanayin zafi kusan 550°C zuwa 660°C. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da shi kafin taurin, tare da manufar rage tashin hankali, amma kuma ana bada shawarar yin amfani da shi bayan aikin injiniya na ƙarshe. Annealing yawanci ana yin shi akan sassa da aka sarrafa don samun tsari tare da ƙarancin tauri, kyakkyawan filastik sanyi, da kyakkyawan aikin injina don kayan aikin injin. Musamman:

Domin samar da simintin gyaran gyare-gyaren ƙarfe tare da barga aiki a farashi mai rahusa, kamfaninmu ya taɓa haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'a don gudanar da bincike kan jan karfe-manganese alloyed cast ductile iron. An buga sakamakon a cikin mujallar "Foundry" a waccan shekarar.

Saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin thermal, babban abun ciki na gami, kunkuntar ƙirƙira kewayon zafin jiki da babban wahalar sarrafa bakin karfe na 9Cr18Mo, yana da sauƙin haifar da tsarin ƙirƙira ƙirƙira da tsarin tagwaye saboda tsananin zafin ƙirƙira da tsayin lokaci. Tsarin tagwaye yana da matuƙar ƙarfi ga gado da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana da wahala a kawar da shi ta hanyar kashewa da kashe magani. Saboda haka, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tsari akan sassa na bakin karfe na 9Cr18Mo tare da jabun tsarin tagwaye don nazarin yuwuwar cire jabun tsarin tagwayen sassa na bakin karfe na 9Cr18Mo ta hanyoyin magance zafi.

PVD (Tsarin Turin Jiki, Turin jiki na jiki) fasaha ce ta shafi wanda ke adana fina-finai akan saman ƙasa ta hanyar canza tushen kayan (manufa) zuwa barbashi na gas (atom, kwayoyin ko ions) ta hanyoyin jiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Mahimmin ka'idar ita ce yin amfani da yanayin yanayi don rage watsar da kwayoyin gas a kan abubuwan da aka ajiye, ƙyale barbashi suyi tafiya a cikin layi mai zurfi zuwa substrate, don haka samun ci gaban fim mai sarrafawa.

Matsalolin Ƙarfe na gama gari da matakan rigakafi