Ilimi- Kintai

Carburizing jiyya yana nufin aiwatar da dumama da kuma rike karfe sassa a cikin carburizing matsakaici don ƙara carbon abun ciki na surface Layer da samar da wani carbon maida hankali gradient, kyale carbon atom su shiga cikin saman Layer na karfe. Wannan na iya ba da ƙananan sassa na ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai girman carbon karfe saman Layer. Bayan quenching da ƙananan zafin jiki tempering, saman Layer na workpiece yana da high taurin da kuma sa juriya, yayin da tsakiyar ɓangare na workpiece har yanzu yana riƙe da tauri da plasticity na low-carbon karfe.

Halaye da hanyoyin kimantawa na yadudduka na carburized sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

1) Halayen Ƙungiya: Abubuwan ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da su wajen gyaran ƙarfe da kuma kashe su suna da tsarin saman da ya ƙunshi martensite mai laushi da kuma cementite mai kyau. Wannan tsarin ƙungiya yana ba saman tauri mai matuƙar ƙarfi, yawanci daga HRC58 zuwa 65 (ƙimar takamaiman na iya bambanta dangane da hanyoyi da ƙa'idodi daban-daban na gwaji). Tsarin tsakiya ya bambanta dangane da nau'in ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi kuma yana iya haɗawa da siffofi daban-daban na ƙungiya kamar martensite mai ƙarancin carbon, troostite, da sorbite, tare da kewayon tauri tsakanin HRC20 da 45. Musamman ga sassan da ke fuskantar nauyi mai yawa, tauri na tsakiya yawanci ba ƙasa da HRC30 ba don tabbatar da cewa suna da kyawawan halaye na injiniya.

2) Zurfin Layin Carburized: Zurfin layin carburized gabaɗaya zai iya kaiwa milimita 4 zuwa 10. Wannan zurfin ba wai kawai ya cika buƙatun yawancin aikace-aikacen injiniya ba ne, har ma yana tabbatar da cewa sassan suna da ingantaccen aiki yayin amfani na dogon lokaci. Layin rarraba tauri na layin carburized yana da laushi, wanda ke nufin cewa ba zai iya cirewa ba lokacin da aka fuskanci tasirin ƙarfi na waje, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan rayuwar sabis da amincin sassan.

3) Halayen Inji: Abubuwan ƙarfe bayan maganin carburizing suna nuna kyawawan halaye na injiniya, suna da ƙarfin lanƙwasa mai ƙarfi. Juriyar lalacewar saman su yana ƙaruwa sosai, yayin da zuciyar ke riƙe da kyakkyawan juriya ga tasiri. Idan aka kwatanta da sassan da aka kashe a saman carbon na matsakaici, sassan carburized suna da fa'idodi bayyanannu a cikin juriya ga lalacewa da juriya ga tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, maganin carburizing na iya samun madaidaicin tsari mai tauri wanda za a iya sarrafa shi da zurfi. Wannan halayyar yana sa tsarin carburizing kusan ba shi da iyaka ta hanyar rikitarwa na siffar ɓangaren, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai wajen ƙera sassa daban-daban na injiniya daidai.

Lokacin kimanta ingancin Layer na carburized, yawanci ana buƙatar la'akari da mahimman abubuwan da ke gaba:

1) Zurfin Layer mai kauri: Daidaiton auna zurfin Layer mai kauri yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamomi don kimanta ingancinsa. Hanyoyin aunawa da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da nazarin sinadarai, hanyar ƙarfe, da hanyar tauri, da sauransu. Hanyar nazarin sinadarai tana ƙayyade zurfin ta hanyar nazarin rarraba yawan carbon a cikin Layer mai kauri; hanyar ƙarfe tana ƙayyade zurfin ta hanyar lura da canje-canjen tsarin microstructure na Layer mai kauri a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa; hanyar tauri tana ƙididdige zurfin Layer mai kauri ta hanyar auna ƙimar tauri a zurfin daban-daban.

2) Rarraba Taurin: Rarraba taurin Layer ɗin Carburized ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya kuma ya cika buƙatun ƙira. Ana yin gwajin taurin yawanci ta amfani da na'urar gwajin taurin Vickers ko na'urar gwajin taurin Rockwell. Ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'auni da yawa a wurare daban-daban na zurfin da kuma tsara lanƙwasa rarraba taurin, ana iya kimanta daidaito da kuma saurin taurin Layer Carburizing.

3) Tsarin Ƙarfe: Lura da tsarin ƙarfe yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin tantance ingancin layin ƙarfe. Ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa ta ƙarfe, ana iya ganin ƙaramin tsarin layin ƙarfe a sarari, kamar tsarin martensite mai kama da allura da rarraba siminti. Tsarin Layer ɗin ƙarfe mai kyau yakamata ya kasance iri ɗaya kuma mai kyau, ba tare da lahani bayyanannu kamar fashe-fashe da ramuka ba, domin waɗannan lahani na iya yin tasiri sosai ga aikin sassan da ake amfani da su.

4). Kayayyakin Inji: Gwajin kaddarorin injina muhimmin mataki ne wajen tantance cikakken aikin layin carburized. Gwaje-gwajen tensile na iya tantance ƙarfin tensile da tsawaita sassan; gwaje-gwajen tasiri na iya tantance ƙarfin tasirin sassan. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen mallakar injina na iya samar da cikakkun bayanai kan manyan kaddarorin injina kamar ƙarfi da tauri na sassan, ta haka ne za a kimanta tasirin maganin carburizing akan aikin sassan ƙarfe.

A ƙarshe, halaye da kimantawa na carburized Layer na ƙarfe sassa ne mai yawa-girma da kuma m tsari. Yana buƙatar cikakkiyar la'akari daga bangarori da yawa kamar sifofin microstructure, zurfin Layer Layer, da kaddarorin injiniya, kuma yakamata a haɗa su tare da takamaiman hanyoyin gwaji da ƙa'idodi don tabbatar da cewa ingancin ƙirar ƙirar ya dace da ƙira da buƙatun amfani.

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