Ilimi- Kintai

Tsarkarwa

1.1 Dalilai

1) Siffar asymmetric ko gagarumin kauri bambanci na workpiece

2) Babban damuwa na sarrafa injina wanda ba a kawar da shi ba kafin kashewa

3) dumama da sanyaya mara daidaituwa

4) Ingancin dumama da clamping Hanyar na workpiece

5) Canji na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta

1.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Inganta tsarin zane na workpiece, zaɓi kayan da hankali, daidaita izinin machining, da ƙara ramukan tsari.

2) Ƙara preheating ko danniya taimako annealing matakai

3) Yi amfani da hanyoyin aiki da yawa kamar su preheating da yawa, precooling quenching, quenching ruwa biyu, quenching mataki, da isothermal quenching.

4) Tallafawa da ɗaure kayan aikin don kashe dumama da kyau

5) Gyara gurɓataccen aikin aikin

 

Low taurin

2.1 Dalilai

1) Gauraye albarkatun kasa

2) Ƙananan zafin jiki da kuma gajeren lokacin riƙewa

3) Yawan sanyaya hankali

4) Yawan zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma dogon lokacin riƙewa, wanda ke ƙara kwanciyar hankali na austenite kuma yana barin babban adadin austenite da aka riƙe bayan quenching.

5) Decarburization a saman da workpiece a lokacin dumama

6) Yawan kazanta a cikin karfe

2.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Yi gwajin walƙiya akan karfe

2) Bi al'ada quenching tsari bayani dalla-dalla. Kafin sake kashewa, fara yin al'ada ko kawar da jiyya da farko

3) Sanyi a cikin ƙimar mafi girma fiye da ƙimar sanyaya mai mahimmanci

4) Yi amfani da maganin cryogenic don ƙara taurin

5) Deoxidize akai-akai da cire slag daga wanka gishiri, ko amfani da dumama yanayi mai karewa

6) Zaɓi karfe wanda ya dace da bukatun fasaha

 

 

Fashewa

3.1 Cracks kafin quenching: Oxidation da decarburization za a iya lura a bangarorin biyu na fasa bayan quenching, da kuma karaya surface ne baki.

3.1.1 Dalilai

Mirgina mara kyau ko ƙirƙira, yana haifar da raguwar kogo, yadudduka, da fararen tabo, da sauransu.

3.1.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

Kula da ingancin samfur sosai don tabbatar da cancantar albarkatun ƙasa.

 

3.2 Cracks lalacewa ta hanyar sanyaya: Fagen karaya ja ne, mai ko shunayya.

3.2.1 Dalilai

1) Abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin albarkatun ƙasa an keɓe su a cikin tsarin band ko tsarin hanyar sadarwa.

2) Ana gauraye kayan danye.

3) Inhomogeneous sanyaya, danniya taro, hadaddun workpiece siffar, m kauri, kaifi sasanninta, lankwasa, da machining alamomi.

4) Sanyaya mara kyau da zaɓi mara dacewa na matsakaicin sanyaya.

5) Babu magani mai ban sha'awa tsakanin maimaituwar quenching kuma babu fushi akan lokaci.

 

3.2.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Yi amfani da ƙirƙira don rage matakin carbides, kuma ɗaukar pre-sanyi, quenching graded, quenching isothermal, da sauransu yayin jiyya na zafi, da fushi a kan lokaci.

2) Yi gwajin walƙiya.

3) Inganta ƙira don tabbatar da kauri iri ɗaya kuma babu lahani da ke haifar da ɓarna.

4) Zaɓi hanyoyin kwantar da hankali masu dacewa da hanyoyin kashe wuta.

5) Anneal kafin maimaita quenching.

 

3.3 Kararraki da lalacewa ke haifarwa

3.3.1 Dalilai

1) Zazzabi mai yawa, yana haifar da zazzaɓi na tsarin, saman faren karaya mai haske, da ƙananan hatsi.

2) Tsananin rarrabuwa ko spheroidized carbides a cikin tsarin asali.

3.3.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Kula da zafin jiki mai zafi kuma bi takaddun tsari, da ƙarfafa duban microstructure yayin aiwatarwa.

2) Yi normalizing magani ko spheroidizing annealing.

 

 

Wuraren laushi

4.1 Dalilai

1) Decarburization na gida a saman kayan aikin ko gurbatawa tare da datti

2) Najasa a cikin matsakaicin quenching ko yawan zafin jiki na amfani

3) Rashin ƙarfin sanyi na matsakaicin sanyaya

4) Hanyar sanyaya mara dacewa don aikin aikin, tare da hulɗar juna tsakanin workpieces

5) Maganin zafin jiki mara kyau, yana barin babban adadin manyan tubalan ferrite a cikin karfe

4.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Zaɓi tsarin da ya dace kafin zafin jiki

2) Tsaftace matsakaici, kwantar da hankali a hankali, da hana lalata kayan aikin

3) Sauya matsakaicin sanyaya mai kashe wuta

4) Cool da workpieces dabam

5) Sake quench, amma normalizing ko annealing magani kamata a yi kafin a sake kashewa

 

 

Decarburization

5.1 Dalilai

1) Dumama a cikin yanayi mai oxidizing

2) Poor slag cire a lokacin gishiri wanka deoxidation

3) Yawan zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma tsawon lokacin riƙewa

5.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Yi amfani da dumama yanayi mai karewa ko kariyar shafi

2) Cire slag na yau da kullun a lokacin deoxidation na wanka na gishiri

3) Bi ƙayyadaddun tsari

4) Don ɓangarorin da aka kashe waɗanda aka lalatar da su, yi amfani da hanyoyin carburizing

 

 

Rushewa

6.1 Dalilai

Abubuwan da ke cikin sulfate a cikin wankan gishiri ya wuce kewayon da tsarin ya kayyade.

6.2 Matakan rigakafi da na gyarawa

1) Zaɓi gishiri mai zafi wanda ya dace da bukatun fasaha.

2) Yi amfani da magnesium-aluminum gami ko gawayi don cire sulfate daga wanka na gishiri.

 

 

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