Daga cikin dangin Monel nickel-Copper Alloy, akwai allurai guda biyu masu kama da kamanni, wato Alloy 400 da Alloy K500. Dubawa na kusa yana nuna wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin su biyun. Ƙarin bayani na waɗannan bambance-bambance na iya taimakawa a cikin batutuwan zaɓin kayan aiki. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika waɗannan allunan guda biyu kuma za mu kwatanta da bambanta abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe.

Yadawa walda hanya ce mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wacce ke samar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar sanya atom ɗin sassan sassa na walda su yaɗu cikin juna ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Ya dace da nau'ikan ƙarfe masu kama da juna, gami da ƙarancin zafi, yumbu da sauran kayan, kuma yana da fa'idodin babban ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ƙananan nakasawa.

Don tabbatar da ingancin samfurin simintin wutar lantarki da saduwa da ƙarancin yanayin tasirin tasirin zafi a cikin yanayin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, wajibi ne a sanya matrix ferrite da tasirin spheroidization na simintin gyaran kafa ya dace da daidaitattun buƙatun. Wannan takarda tana ɗaukar narkar da tanderun matsakaici-mita a matsayin jigo, ta haɗa aikin gyaran yashi mai taurin kai, kuma tana samar da simintin makamashin iska tare da nauyin 7500kg da matsakaicin kauri na bango 150mm. Yana nazarin matakan kula da ƙungiyoyi a cikin tsarin samar da manyan simintin gyare-gyare da kuma tattauna yadda za a cimma samar da tsari na ferrite matrix ductile baƙin ƙarfe ta hanyar ingantaccen zaɓi na sinadaran sinadaran da ingantaccen sarrafa tsarin spheroidization da inoculation.

Babban zafin jiki bluing/blacking (hanyar oxidation alkaline)

A cikin fagage irin su sababbin motocin makamashi, na'urorin lantarki, da kayan masana'antu, sassan da aka kashe-kashe sun zama manyan abubuwan da aka tsara saboda manyan fa'idodinsu guda uku: ingantaccen samarwa, haɗaɗɗen gyare-gyare, da nauyi. Duk da haka, yawancin injiniyoyi sukan fada cikin tarko lokacin zayyana - kawai suna mai da hankali kan ƙarfi da girma, yayin da suke yin watsi da ingancin saman. A haƙiƙa, lahanin saman ba wai kawai yana shafar bayyanar ba amma yana iya haifar da cunkoson taro, gazawar lalata, har ma da rashin aiki.

A cikin masana'anta na zamani da ƙirar ƙirƙira samfur, fasahar jiyya ta saman tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ba wai kawai yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙaya da dorewar samfuran ba amma kuma yana ba su jerin takamaiman halaye na aiki. Ana amfani da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri a cikin tsarin jiyya na saman, kowannensu yana da kaddarorinsa na musamman da filayen aikace-aikace. Wannan labarin yana nufin samar da bayani mai zurfi na kayan aikin jiyya da yawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikace masu amfani.

Maganin wucewar bakin karfe yana haɓaka juriya na lalata ta hanyar samar da fim ɗin oxide mai yawa a saman (kamar Cr₂O₃). Tasirin wannan jiyya a kan ƙarfin lantarki yana buƙatar yin nazarin tsari daga matakai uku: kayan kayan aiki, tsarin fim, da sigogi na tsari.

Tsakanin sararin sama mai shuɗi da zurfin sararin samaniya, duk wani ci gaban da aka samu na jirgin sama ba ya rabuwa da sabuwar fasahar kayan abu. Akwai wani nau'in kayan ƙarfe, tare da ainihin ƙarfinsa na kasancewa mara nauyi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da juriya ga matsanancin yanayi, ya zama "kayayyakin zafi" a cikin filin sararin samaniya. Yana da TB5 titanium gami (Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al). Tun daga mahimman tsarin jiragen yaƙi zuwa ainihin abubuwan da tauraron dan adam ke yi, kasancewarsa a ko'ina yake, yana kiyaye kowane jirgi da bincike cikin shiru.

A wannan zamanin na neman inganci da kariyar muhalli, nauyi mai nauyi ya zama babban alkibla ga ci gaban masana'antu da yawa. Daga motoci zuwa sararin samaniya, daga na'urorin lantarki zuwa kayan aikin likita, rage nauyin samfurin ba wai kawai rage yawan makamashi da haɓaka aiki ba amma yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba mai dorewa. A cikin wannan tseren don ɗaukar nauyi, gami da magnesium, tare da fa'idodin su na musamman, sun zama "kayan tauraro" da ake tsammani sosai.

Murfin baya shine muhimmin sashi a cikin gina tsarin injin injin ruwa da tsarin famfo na ruwa don masu tonawa, kuma ƙirƙira da ci gaba a cikin aikin simintin sa yana haifar da babban ƙalubale. Ba tare da ingantattun suturar baya ba, gina ingantaccen tsarin hydraulic zai fuskanci matsaloli masu mahimmanci. Murfin baya da aka yi da baƙin ƙarfe ductile yana da buƙatu masu girma dangane da daidaiton girma, tsabtar rami na ciki, da daidaiton kayan. Sabili da haka, lokacin da kamfani ya fara samar da irin wannan nau'in, wahalar bincike da haɓakawa ya kasance mai girma. Kwanan nan, mun samar da murfin baya (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1), tare da nauyin 77 kg, matsakaicin girman girman simintin gyare-gyare shine 342mm × 303mm × 137.5 mm, kuma kayan yana da baƙin ƙarfe ductile. Kaurin bango yana da girman gaske, tare da matsakaicin kauri na bango shine 137.5 mm. Babban tsarin ya haɗa da tashoshi biyu na man fetur mai zafi da kuma tashar tsotsa mai guda ɗaya. Babban girman tashar tsotson mai yana da girma, yana da diamita 87 mm, tsayinsa mm 130, da tsayin mm 137.5, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.

Daga cikin kayan ƙarfe da yawa, gami da titanium babu shakka shine ma'anar "ƙima mai girma". Yana haɗuwa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da halaye masu nauyi, tare da ƙarfin kusa da na ƙarfe amma raguwar nauyi kusan 40%. Bugu da ƙari, titanium gami yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata da juriya mai zafi, don haka an yi amfani da shi sosai a fagage kamar sararin samaniya, kula da lafiya, da motoci, inda buƙatun aikin kayan aiki ke da tsauri. Sai dai kuma wannan karfen yana da nasa kura-kurai, wato tsananin wahalar sarrafa shi. Saboda rashin kyawun yanayin zafi, tsarin tsarin yankan gargajiya na iya haifar da zafi ko ma lalata kayan aikin yankan cikin sauƙi, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sarrafawa da sharar gida mai mahimmanci. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar bugu na 3D azaman mafi kyawun hanyar sarrafawa.

Babban karfen manganese galibi yana nufin wani abu ne wanda ke saurin taurare a saman sifofin karfe a ƙarƙashin manyan nauyin tasiri kuma yana da juriya. A hankali saurin yaɗuwar fashewar lokacin amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, yana rage yiwuwar haɗarin haɗari. A halin yanzu, manyan simintin ƙarfe na manganese ana amfani da su sosai a masana'antu da yawa. Saboda mafi girma mikakke shrinkage siga da kuma karami zafi canja wurin coefficient na babban manganese karfe idan aka kwatanta da carbon karfe, a lokacin solidification da zafi jiyya na babban manganese karfe simintin gyaran kafa, high thermal danniya ne sauƙi generated saboda m zazzabi rarraba da kuma babban zafin jiki bambance-bambance a cikin simintin gyaran kafa, haifar da fasa matsaloli. Musamman ga hadadden simintin ƙarfe na manganese mai girma tare da kauri sama da 120mm, yana da wahala a sarrafa matsalar fashewa yayin samarwa.