Ilimi- Kintai

Simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen kera injina saboda ƙarfinsu mai kyau da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi. Koyaya, lahani na simintin yana kama da "shinge-hannun hanya" akan ingantaccen tafiya, yana haifar da yawancin manajan simintin ɗimbin matsala.

Duk da haka, ƙila ba za ku yi tsammanin cewa tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da lahani guda bakwai na yau da kullun a cikin samar da simintin ƙarfe na ductile duk suna da alaƙa da zaɓi da kuma amfani da magungunan spheroidizing. Fahimtar haɗin kai tsakanin ma'aikatan spheroidizing da lahani shine mabuɗin don haɓaka ingancin simintin gyare-gyare da rage yawan tarkace.

Wakilin spheroidizing mai inganci

S pheres na G rapite marasa tsari

Zagayen sassa na graphite kai tsaye yana shafar aikin simintin ƙarfe na ductile. Da zarar siffofi marasa tsari kamar dunƙulewa ko tadpoles (watau ɓangarori na graphite mara kyau) sun faru, kayan injin na simintin za su ragu sosai. Bayan wannan, ragowar adadin na spheroidizing shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci.

Idan ragowar magnesium ya yi girma sosai, za a rushe tsarin girma na graphite spheroidal, kuma graphite mai siffar tadpole yana iya samuwa. Lokacin da ragowar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba ta wuce kima, "tabo mai launin toka" - wuraren da aka tattara na graphite - za su bayyana a cikin babban ƙarfe na carbon daidai da narkakken ƙarfe. Rashin isassun abubuwan spheroidizing ko titanium da aluminum da suka wuce kima a cikin narkakken ƙarfe zai haifar da samuwar graphite vermicular. Sabili da haka, a cikin samarwa, ragowar adadin wakili na spheroidizing yana buƙatar kulawa daidai, kuma ya kamata a daidaita nau'in narkakken ƙarfe daidai don kauce wa halin da ake ciki na "yawan yawa yana haifar da hargitsi kuma kadan yana haifar da lalacewa".

 

Graphite mai iyo

A cikin simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe mai kauri mai kauri tare da abun da ke ciki na hypereutectic, yankin graphite mai yawa yakan bayyana a saman bayan an zubo - wannan graphite yana iyo. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin graphite fiye da narkakken ƙarfe, graphite ɗin da aka haɗe daga narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe na hypereutectic za a haɗe sama ta hanyar buoyancy, don haka haifar da graphite iyo.

Spheroidizing wakili shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa anan. Ƙara ragowar abun ciki na magnesium na iya rage yawan iyo, kamar yadda magnesium zai iya ƙara yawan eutectic carbon abun ciki da daidaita abun da ke cikin narkakken ƙarfe; duk da haka, abin da ke cikin ƙasa da ba kasafai ya wuce kima ba zai sami akasin tasiri, yana haɓaka samuwar fashe-kamar graphite da ƙara yin iyo. Bugu da kari, sarrafa zub da zafin jiki da kuma solidification lokaci, a hade tare da tsari na spheroidizing wakili zai iya magance wannan matsala yadda ya kamata.

 

Tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na W hite C ast I ron S

Tsarin farin simintin ƙarfe yawanci ana samun shi a saman saman inda sanyi yake da sauri cikin simintin ƙarfe na gama gari. Koyaya, tsarin simintin simintin ƙarfe na baya-bayan nan yana yin akasin haka - lokacin carbide yana mai da hankali ne a tsakiyar tsakiyar ɓangaren giciye, wurare masu zafi da sauran wuraren da sanyaya jinkirin. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙwaƙƙwaran simintin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda zai sa ya yi wahala a sarrafa shi.

 

Matsakaicin ragowar adadin wakili na spheroidizing shine muhimmin dalilin farin baki. Rare ƙasa da magnesium za su ƙara undercooling mataki na samuwar ductile baƙin ƙarfe tsarin, da kuma "farar baki inganta" sakamako na rare ƙasa ne karfi fiye da na magnesium. Saboda haka, a cikin samar da matsakaicin sashe simintin gyare-gyare, ƙarin adadin spheroidizing wakili ya kamata a kula sosai don kauce wa faruwar tsari mai wuya da gaggautsa a cikin ainihin.

 

 

Huda allurar subcutaneous

Ƙarƙashin ɓangarorin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa sune lahani gama gari a cikin simintin ƙarfe na ductile, galibi ana rarraba su ƙarƙashin saman simintin. Ba wai kawai suna shafar bayyanar ba amma kuma na iya zama wuraren tattara damuwa, rage ƙarfin simintin. Wadannan filaye sun fi ƙunshi hydrogen kuma suna da ƙaramin adadin carbon monoxide da nitrogen da aka haɗe a ciki.

 

Lokacin da ragowar magnesium abun ciki ya yi yawa, ikon narkakken ƙarfe don sha hydrogen daga koren yashi yana ƙaruwa, kuma yiwuwar samuwar porosity yana ƙaruwa sosai. A halin yanzu, idan narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe ya daɗe bayan spheroidization, iskar gas irin su hydrogen suna da wuyar tserewa, kuma adadin porosity zai ƙara ƙaruwa. A cikin samarwa, ya kamata a sarrafa ragowar abubuwan da ke cikin magnesium, a rage lokacin zaman baƙin ƙarfe, kuma a rage mamayewar iskar gas.

 

Rushewar cavities da porosity

Ƙunƙarar ramuka da porosity ramuka ne da aka kafa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare saboda rashin isasshen ciyarwa yayin ƙarfafawa. An fi samun ramukan ƙulle-ƙulle a cikin ɗumbin wurare masu zafi na ƙarshe, yayin da porosity ya ƙunshi ramukan da ke da alaƙa mai kyau, duka biyun suna iya raunana ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na simintin.

Binciken bincike ya nuna cewa ragowar adadin abubuwan spheroidizing suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da faruwar raƙuman raguwa da porosity. Lokacin da ragowar magnesium da ƙananan abun ciki na duniya ya yi yawa, zai ƙara haɓaka dabi'ar narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe, kuma ƙimar porosity kusan yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka abun ciki na spheroidizing. Saboda haka, kawai ta hanyar da hankali sarrafa sashi na spheroidizing wakili da kuma hada tare da riser zane da sauran ciyar matakan za a iya rage irin wannan lahani.

 

 

Baƙar fata

Baƙar fata mai toshewa ko igiya mai kama da igiya wanda ke bayyana akan ɓangaren sama na simintin (a wurin zubar) ba kawai yana shafar bayyanar ba amma yana iya haifar da sako-sako na gida. Babban bangaren baƙar fata shine magnesium silicate, wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar amsawar MgO da SiO₂ a cikin narkakken ƙarfe.

Makullin sarrafa baƙar fata yana cikin daidaita abun ciki na magnesium. Rage sauran abubuwan da ke cikin magnesium na iya rage yawan adadin MgO da aka samar, ta haka rage magnesium silicate; da ƙananan abubuwa na ƙasa, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar su ga iskar oxygen, suna iya amsawa da iskar oxygen gwammace, a kaikaice rage baƙar fata. A cikin samarwa, rabon magnesium zuwa abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya yana buƙatar daidaitawa, kuma ya kamata a ƙarfafa aikin skimming slag daga narkakken ƙarfe.

 

Faɗuwar Spheroidization​

Spheroidization regression zai sa graphite ya lalace daga mai siffar zobe zuwa vermicular da flake, kai tsaye yana haifar da tabarbarewar aikin simintin. Wannan yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da wakili na spheroidizing: idan abun cikin ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a cikin wakili na spheroidizing yana da ƙasa kuma adadin ƙari bai isa ba, tasirin spheroidization yana da wahala a kiyaye; yayin da idan narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe ya daɗe da yawa bayan spheroidization, ragowar magnesium yana raguwa, kuma abubuwan sulfur suna "dawowa", wanda kuma zai haifar da koma baya.

Don hana faɗuwar spheroidization a cikin simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare, hanya mai ma'ana biyu ya zama dole. A gefe guda, ya kamata a zaɓi ma'aikatan spheroidizing masu inganci don tabbatar da abun ciki da adadin ƙananan ƙasa. A gefe guda kuma, ya kamata a sarrafa abun ciki na sulfur na asalin narkakken ƙarfe. Low-sulfur narkakkar baƙin ƙarfe na iya rage yawan amfani da spheroidizing jamiái da kuma tsawanta tasiri lokacin spheroidization.

 

Summary

 

Spheroidizing wakili babu shakka shine "cibiyar ƙari" a cikin samar da sassan ƙarfe na ductile, amma aikace-aikacen sa ya fi kama da fasaha mai daidaitawa. Don mafi kyawun sarrafa shi da guje wa matsaloli na lahani, mabuɗin yana cikin daidai sarrafa ragowar adadin spheroidizing da samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da nazarin narkakkar ƙarfe da tsarin aikin simintin.

Ka tuna, spheroidizing jamiái ba ko da yaushe a "panacea". Ta hanyar haɗa su cikin tsarin fasaha mai tsauri da haɗin kai kawai zai iya samun simintin ƙarfe mai inganci mai inganci.

 

Vigor tana da ƙwarewa sama da shekaru 20 da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwararru a manyan hanyoyin yin siminti. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko wasu sassan da ke buƙatar haɓakawa, da fatan za ku iya tuntuɓar mu a info@castings-forging.com